Araling Panlipunan

PAMAHALAAN
ESTADO
- komunidad ng maraming taong nakatira sa isang tiyak na lugar na may organisado at malayang
pamahalaang kinikilala at nakagawiang sundin
- isang legal na konsepto
- nakabatay ditto ang pagkakatatag at pagkakakilanlan ng mga bansa
- binubuo ng maraming nasyon

NASYON
- etymology
- pagkakahawig sa kanilang wika at mga Gawain
- konsepto ng lahi
- binubuo ng maraming estado

PINAGMULAN NG ESTADO
• BANAL NA PAGLIKHA
-Ang lahat ng pag-uutos ng hari ay tinatanggap ng mga mamamayan bilang utos ng Diyos
• KASUNDUANG PANLIPUNAN
- Kinakailangan ang estado upang maiwasan ang kaguluhan sa lipunan
• PAGGAMIT NG LAKAS
- Pananaw na karapatan ng malalakas na pamunuan ang mahihina

ELEMENTO
1) MAMAMAYAN
-Taong naninirahan sa loob ng estado
2) TERITORYO
-Tiyak na lugar sa daigdig kung saan naninirahan ang mga mamamayan
3) PAMAHALAAN
-Instrumentong nagpapahayag o nagsasagawa ng pag-uutos ng estado
4) SOBERANYA
- Kapangyarihang pasunurin sa pag-uutos at malayang makapagdesisyon


PINAGMULAN NG KAPANGYARIHAN
 Legal na soberanya – pinagmumulan ng desisyon
 Pulitikal na soberanya – likuran ng nadedesisyon

PANANAW NG SAKOP
 Soberanyang panloob – pasunurin ang kautusan sa loob ng bansa
 Soberanyang panlabas – pakikipagrelasyon ng isang estado sa kapwa-estado

KAPANGYARIHAN NG ESTADO
1. POLICE POWER
-Karapatan ng pamahalaan na supilin ang ilan sa mga karapatan ng tao para sa makabubuti sa nakakarami
2. EMINENT DOMAIN
-Kunin ang pribadong pag-aaring lupain ng isang mamamayan para sa proyekto
3. PAGBUBUWIS
-Mangulekta ng kontribusyo

PAMAHALAAN
 pamahala – “pagdadala ng responsibilidad”
 government – gubernare “kontrolin”
 nagpapahayag at nagsasagawa ng mga pag-uutos
 namamahala sa kapakanan ng mga mamamayan
 itinatag sa pamamagitan ng mga probisyon ng saligang-batas
 nangangalaga sa panloob at panlabas na kaayusan ng estado
 nagsusulong ng ikauunlad ng buhay at ng lipunan
 kinatawan ng estado

TUNGKULIN NG PAMAHALAAN
- CONSTITUENT – lubhang napakahalagang gawain
- MINISTRANT – hindi lubhang mahalaga ng gawain

URI NG PAMAHALAAN
 MONARKIYA – monarko
 ARISTROKRASYA – iilang makapanyarihang tao
 DEMOKRASYA – mamamayan
 PRESIDENTIAL – pangulong halal
 PARLIAMENTARY – lehislatura at ang posisyonng pangulo ay simboliko lamang
 UNITARY – iisang pinagbuklod na organisasyong namumuno
 FEDERAL – sumusunod sa iisang pambansang pamahalaan
 BUREAUCRATIC – serbisyong publiko
 POPULAR – taong halal sa loob ng itinakdang panahon
 CIVIL – sibilyan
 MILITARY – militar
 CONSTITUTIONAL – naaayon sa pag-uutos ng saligang-batas
 DESPOTIC – walang batas ang pumipigil
 HEREDITARY – mana sa mga ninuno
 ELECTIVE – isang halalan ng mga kabilang sa mga manghahalal
 REPUBLICAN – direkta o di-direktang pamamaraan ang pamumuno
 DE JURE – naitatag ayon sa saligang batas
 DE FACTO – hindi naitatag ayon sa saligang batas

Persons related to the internet
1.Vinton Cerf - father of internet
2.Mark Zuckerberg - founder of FACEBOOK
3.Jack Dorsey – founder of TWITTER
4.Joseph Carl Robnett "Lick" Licklider– developed the idea of a universal network, spread his vision throughout theIPTO, and inspired his successors to realize his dream by creation of theA RPANE T, which then led to theInternet. He also developed the concepts that led to the idea of the Netizen.
5.Leonard Kleinrock, Ph.D. - a computer scientist, and a professor of computer science at UCLA, who made several important contributions to the field of computer networking, in particular to the theoretical side of computer networking. He also played an important role in the development of the ARPANET at UCLA.His most well-known and significant work is his early work on queueing theory, which has applications in many fields, among them as a key mathematical background to packet switching, the basic technology behind the Internet
6.Lawrence G. Roberts - received the Draper Prize in 2001[1] "for the development of the Internet" along with Leonard Kleinrock, Robert Kahn, and Vinton Cerf. As a chief scientist at the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Roberts and his team created the ARPANet, which was the first significant implementation of Leonard Kleinrock's theories on packet switching and a predecessor to the modern Internet.
7.Frederick G. Kilgour - a librarian and educator who created an international computer library network and database that changed the way people use libraries, died on July 31, 2006. He was 92 years old and had lived since 1990 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
8.Ray Tomlimson - developed the first e-mail system through his programs called SNDMSG and READMAIL.
9.Vinton Gray - an American computer scientist who is the "person most often called 'the father of the Internet'." His contributions have been recognized repeatedly, with honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Cerf has worked for Google as its Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist since September 2005.
10.Robert Elliot Kahn - invented the TCP protocol, and along with Vinton G. Cerf created the IP protocol, the technologies used to transmit information on the Internet.
11.Brewster Kahle - is a U.S. internet entrepreneur, activist and digital librarian. Kahle graduated from MIT in 1982 with a BS degree in Computer Science & Engineering where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. The emphasis of his studies was artificial intelligence; he studied under Marvin Minsky and W. Daniel Hillis. He was an early member of the Thinking Machines team, where he invented the WAIS system.
12.Peter Deutsch (1989) - the founder of Aladdin Enterprises and director of ghostscript, a free post script interpreter.

13.Dr Peter Scott (1999) - is on the board of the company Corous.Com, a wholly owned subsidiary of Open University World Wide Ltd., specializing in the development of corporate education and training portals. He has acted as an internet consultant to a range of multinational corporations. He is also the managing director of WebSymposia Ltd, an internet multimedia webcasting company.
14.Bill Gates (1998-present)-Founder of Microsoft Company, Made the web browser called Internet explorer
15.Eric Schmidt- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Google Inc.