Araling Panlipunan

PAMAHALAAN
ESTADO
- komunidad ng maraming taong nakatira sa isang tiyak na lugar na may organisado at malayang
pamahalaang kinikilala at nakagawiang sundin
- isang legal na konsepto
- nakabatay ditto ang pagkakatatag at pagkakakilanlan ng mga bansa
- binubuo ng maraming nasyon

NASYON
- etymology
- pagkakahawig sa kanilang wika at mga Gawain
- konsepto ng lahi
- binubuo ng maraming estado

PINAGMULAN NG ESTADO
• BANAL NA PAGLIKHA
-Ang lahat ng pag-uutos ng hari ay tinatanggap ng mga mamamayan bilang utos ng Diyos
• KASUNDUANG PANLIPUNAN
- Kinakailangan ang estado upang maiwasan ang kaguluhan sa lipunan
• PAGGAMIT NG LAKAS
- Pananaw na karapatan ng malalakas na pamunuan ang mahihina

ELEMENTO
1) MAMAMAYAN
-Taong naninirahan sa loob ng estado
2) TERITORYO
-Tiyak na lugar sa daigdig kung saan naninirahan ang mga mamamayan
3) PAMAHALAAN
-Instrumentong nagpapahayag o nagsasagawa ng pag-uutos ng estado
4) SOBERANYA
- Kapangyarihang pasunurin sa pag-uutos at malayang makapagdesisyon


PINAGMULAN NG KAPANGYARIHAN
 Legal na soberanya – pinagmumulan ng desisyon
 Pulitikal na soberanya – likuran ng nadedesisyon

PANANAW NG SAKOP
 Soberanyang panloob – pasunurin ang kautusan sa loob ng bansa
 Soberanyang panlabas – pakikipagrelasyon ng isang estado sa kapwa-estado

KAPANGYARIHAN NG ESTADO
1. POLICE POWER
-Karapatan ng pamahalaan na supilin ang ilan sa mga karapatan ng tao para sa makabubuti sa nakakarami
2. EMINENT DOMAIN
-Kunin ang pribadong pag-aaring lupain ng isang mamamayan para sa proyekto
3. PAGBUBUWIS
-Mangulekta ng kontribusyo

PAMAHALAAN
 pamahala – “pagdadala ng responsibilidad”
 government – gubernare “kontrolin”
 nagpapahayag at nagsasagawa ng mga pag-uutos
 namamahala sa kapakanan ng mga mamamayan
 itinatag sa pamamagitan ng mga probisyon ng saligang-batas
 nangangalaga sa panloob at panlabas na kaayusan ng estado
 nagsusulong ng ikauunlad ng buhay at ng lipunan
 kinatawan ng estado

TUNGKULIN NG PAMAHALAAN
- CONSTITUENT – lubhang napakahalagang gawain
- MINISTRANT – hindi lubhang mahalaga ng gawain

URI NG PAMAHALAAN
 MONARKIYA – monarko
 ARISTROKRASYA – iilang makapanyarihang tao
 DEMOKRASYA – mamamayan
 PRESIDENTIAL – pangulong halal
 PARLIAMENTARY – lehislatura at ang posisyonng pangulo ay simboliko lamang
 UNITARY – iisang pinagbuklod na organisasyong namumuno
 FEDERAL – sumusunod sa iisang pambansang pamahalaan
 BUREAUCRATIC – serbisyong publiko
 POPULAR – taong halal sa loob ng itinakdang panahon
 CIVIL – sibilyan
 MILITARY – militar
 CONSTITUTIONAL – naaayon sa pag-uutos ng saligang-batas
 DESPOTIC – walang batas ang pumipigil
 HEREDITARY – mana sa mga ninuno
 ELECTIVE – isang halalan ng mga kabilang sa mga manghahalal
 REPUBLICAN – direkta o di-direktang pamamaraan ang pamumuno
 DE JURE – naitatag ayon sa saligang batas
 DE FACTO – hindi naitatag ayon sa saligang batas

Persons related to the internet
1.Vinton Cerf - father of internet
2.Mark Zuckerberg - founder of FACEBOOK
3.Jack Dorsey – founder of TWITTER
4.Joseph Carl Robnett "Lick" Licklider– developed the idea of a universal network, spread his vision throughout theIPTO, and inspired his successors to realize his dream by creation of theA RPANE T, which then led to theInternet. He also developed the concepts that led to the idea of the Netizen.
5.Leonard Kleinrock, Ph.D. - a computer scientist, and a professor of computer science at UCLA, who made several important contributions to the field of computer networking, in particular to the theoretical side of computer networking. He also played an important role in the development of the ARPANET at UCLA.His most well-known and significant work is his early work on queueing theory, which has applications in many fields, among them as a key mathematical background to packet switching, the basic technology behind the Internet
6.Lawrence G. Roberts - received the Draper Prize in 2001[1] "for the development of the Internet" along with Leonard Kleinrock, Robert Kahn, and Vinton Cerf. As a chief scientist at the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Roberts and his team created the ARPANet, which was the first significant implementation of Leonard Kleinrock's theories on packet switching and a predecessor to the modern Internet.
7.Frederick G. Kilgour - a librarian and educator who created an international computer library network and database that changed the way people use libraries, died on July 31, 2006. He was 92 years old and had lived since 1990 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
8.Ray Tomlimson - developed the first e-mail system through his programs called SNDMSG and READMAIL.
9.Vinton Gray - an American computer scientist who is the "person most often called 'the father of the Internet'." His contributions have been recognized repeatedly, with honorary degrees and awards that include the National Medal of Technology, the Turing Award, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Cerf has worked for Google as its Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist since September 2005.
10.Robert Elliot Kahn - invented the TCP protocol, and along with Vinton G. Cerf created the IP protocol, the technologies used to transmit information on the Internet.
11.Brewster Kahle - is a U.S. internet entrepreneur, activist and digital librarian. Kahle graduated from MIT in 1982 with a BS degree in Computer Science & Engineering where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. The emphasis of his studies was artificial intelligence; he studied under Marvin Minsky and W. Daniel Hillis. He was an early member of the Thinking Machines team, where he invented the WAIS system.
12.Peter Deutsch (1989) - the founder of Aladdin Enterprises and director of ghostscript, a free post script interpreter.

13.Dr Peter Scott (1999) - is on the board of the company Corous.Com, a wholly owned subsidiary of Open University World Wide Ltd., specializing in the development of corporate education and training portals. He has acted as an internet consultant to a range of multinational corporations. He is also the managing director of WebSymposia Ltd, an internet multimedia webcasting company.
14.Bill Gates (1998-present)-Founder of Microsoft Company, Made the web browser called Internet explorer
15.Eric Schmidt- Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Google Inc.

poems for 4th grading

"I Am A Filipino" by Carlos P. Romulo

I am a Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the uncertain future. As such, I must prove equal to a two-fold task – the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and the task of performing my obligation to the future.

I am sprung from a hardy race – child many generations removed of ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries, the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts were stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon the billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried upon the mighty swell of hope – hope in the free abundance of the new land that was to be their home and their children’s forever.

This is the land they sought and found. Every inch of shore that their eyes first set upon, every hill and mountain that beckoned to them with a green and purple invitation, every mile of rolling plain that their view encompassed, every river and lake that promised a plentiful living and the fruitfulness of commerce, is a hollowed spot to me.

By the strength of their hearts and hands, by every right of law, human and divine, this land and all the appurtenances thereof – the black and fertile soil, the seas and lakes and rivers teeming with fish, the forests with their inexhaustible wealth in wild and timber, the mountains with their bowels swollen with minerals – the whole of this rich and happy land has been for centuries without number, the land of my fathers. This land I received in trust from them, and in trust will pass it to my children, and so on until the world is no more.

I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes – seed that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that sent Lapulapu to battle against the alien foe, that drove Diego Silang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign oppressor,

That seed is immortal. It is the self-same seed that flowered in the heart of Jose Rizal that morning in Bagumbayan when a volley of shots put an end to all that was mortal of him and made his spirit deathless forever; the same that flowered in the hearts of Bonifacio in Balintawak, of Gregorio del Pilar at Tirad Pass, of Antonio Luna at Calumpit, that bloomed in flowers of frustration in the sad heart of Emilio Aguinaldo at Palanan, and yet burst forth royally again in the proud heart of Manuel L. Quezon when he stood at last on the threshold of ancient Malacanang Palace, in the symbolic act of possession and racial vindication.

The seed I bear within me is an immortal seed. It is the mark of my manhood, the symbol of my dignity as a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the tomb of Tutankhamen many thousands of years ago, it shall grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the insigne of my race, and my generation is but a stage in the unending search of my people for freedom and happiness.

I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the West. The East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was the West that came thundering across the seas with the Cross and Sword and the Machine. I am of the East, an eager participant in its struggles for liberation from the imperialist yoke. But I know also that the East must awake from its centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has bound its limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.

For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the West have destroyed forever the peace and quiet that once were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart from those whose world now trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon shot. For no man and no nation is an island, but a part of the main, and there is no longer any East and West – only individuals and nations making those momentous choices that are the hinges upon which history revolves.

At the vanguard of progress in this part of the world I stand – a forlorn figure in the eyes of some, but not one defeated and lost. For through the thick, interlacing branches of habit and custom above me I have seen the light of the sun, and I know that it is good. I have seen the light of justice and equality and freedom, my heart has been lifted by the vision of democracy, and I shall not rest until my land and my people shall have been blessed by these, beyond the power of any man or nation to subvert or destroy.

I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge shall I give that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the corridors of the centuries, and its hall be compounded of the joyous cries of my Malayan forebears when they first saw the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the battle cries that have resounded in every field of combat from Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they sing:

Land of the morning.

Child of the sun returning . . .

Ne’er shall invaders

Trample thy sacred shore.

Out of the lush green of these seven thousand isles, out of the heart-strings of sixteen million people all vibrating to one song, I shall weave the mighty fabric of my pledge. Out of the songs of the farmers at sunrise when they go to labor in the fields; out the sweat of the hard-bitten pioneers in Mal-ig and Koronadal; out of the silent endurance of stevedores at the piers and the ominous grumbling of peasants in Pampanga; out of the first cries of babies newly born and the lullabies that mothers sing; out of crashing of gears and the whine of turbines in the factories; out of the crunch of ploughs upturning the earth; out of the limitless patience of teachers in the classrooms and doctors in the clinics; out of the tramp of soldiers marching, I shall make the pattern of my pledge:

I am a Filipino born of freedom, and I shall not rest until freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance – for myself and my children’s – forever.

Siesta (An exerpt) by Leopoldo Serrano

When I was a boy, one of the rules at home that I did not like at all was to be made to lie on the bare floor of our sala after lunch. I usually lay side by side with two other children in the family. We were forced to sleep by my mother. She watched us as we darned old dresses, read an awit, or hammed a cradle song in Tagalog.

She always reminded us that sleeping at noon enables children to grow fast like the grass in our yard. In this way, in most Filipino homes many years ago, children made to understand what the siesta was. Very often I had to pretend to be asleep by closing my eyes.

Once while my mother was away, I tries to sneak out of the house during the siesta hour. I had not gone far when I felt something hit me hard on the back. Looking behind, I saw my father. He was annoyed because I had disturbed his siesta. I picked up a pillow at my feet, gave it to him, and went back to our mat. The two other children were fast asleep. The sight of the whip, symbol of parental authority, hanging on the posts, gave me no other choice but to lie down.

During my childhood, whenever we had house guests, my mother never failed to put mats and pillows on the floor of our living room after the noonday meal. Then she would invite our guests to have their siesta. Hospitality and good taste demanded that this be not overlooked.

The custom of having a siesta was introduces in our country by the Spaniards. Indee, during the Spanish times, the Philippines was the land of the fiesta the novena, and the siesta.

Many foreigners have noted this custom among our people. Some believe that even the guards at the gates of Intramuros had their siesta. It was a commonly known fact that every afternoon the gates of the city were closed for fear of a surprise attack.

The ayuntamiento of Manila or the commander of the regiment in Intramuros did well in ordering the closing of the gates during the siesta hour. Once, the Chinese living in Parian, just a short way from the Walled City, timed the beginning of one of their revolts by attacking at two o’clock in the afternoon. They were sure that the dons, including the guards and sentinels, were having their siesta. They felt that they would be more successful if the attack came at siesta time.

Even today visits to Filipino homes are not usually made between one o’clock and two o’clock in the afternoon. It is presumed that the people in the house are having their siesta. It is not polite to have them awakened from their noonday nap to accommodate visitors. There is well-known saying believed by many of our people: “You may joke with a drunkard but not one who has been disturbed during his siesta.”

Our custom of having our siesta has not been greatly affected by American influence. We have not learned the Yankee’s bustle and eagerness of endurance for continuous work throughout the day.

But if only for its health –giving effects, we should be grateful to the Spaniards for the siesta, especially during the hot weather, for the siesta serves to restore the energy lost while working under a hot climate.

A letter to his parents by Dr. Jose Rizal

San Francisco, California
S.S. Belgic, 29 April 1888

My dear Parents,

Here we are in sight of America since yesterday without being able to disembark, placed in quarantine on account of the 642 Chinese that we have on board coming from Hong Kong where they say smallpox prevails. But the true reason is that, as America is against Chinese immigration and now they are campaigning for the elections, the government, in order to get the vote of the people, must appear to be strict with the Chinese, and we suffer. On board there is not one sick person.

On the 13th of this month I left Yokohama, leaving behind Japan, for me a very pleasant country, despite the proposals of the Spanish charge d'affaires who offered me a post in the legation even at a salary of 100 pesos monthly. Under other circumstances I would have accepted it; but at this moment it would be madness. Our trip, which lasted 15 days and hours and during which we had two Thursdays, because we traveled in the direction opposite the sun, was quite good, at least for me who never had such a long one without being seasick. The food was bad and tiresome. Through the kindness of the Spanish minister, or charge d'affaires, you'll receive two sets for tea and coffee of the best made in Japan that I ordered expressly for the family. The tea service is of faience according to the style of ancient Kyoto and the coffee set is of porcelain. To the connoisseurs they are the best. According to the charge d'affaires, they will reach you free of charge through the government. Also I'm sending along two doors, very beautiful and very rare, as a gift to my brother Senor Paciano so he can make an elegant furniture with them. The charge d'affaires himself will get in touch with my brother and will write him a letter. I hope my brother will become his friend, for he will be useful to him when he would like to export his articles to Japan. Don't forget to answer him.

At the entreaties of the same gentleman I stayed at the legation with him and the other members in order to prove to the rest that I fear neither vigilance nor observation nor have I any misgiving of any kind. As I have the firm conviction that I act uprightly and that I'm in the hands of God who has always guided me and helped me, I have feared nothing, and I succeeded to make myself the friend of those gentlemen. These, however, made a sad prediction for me; they told me that in the Philippines I would be forced to become a filibustero ¹.

I'll not advise anyone to make this trip to America, for here they are crazy about quarantine, they have severe customs inspection, imposing on any thing duties upon duties that are enormous, enormous.

Before I left Japan, I sent you 10 combs to be distributed among my sisters. I suppose likewise that you must have received the vaccine as well as the picture of my poor little sister Olimpia.

Write me at London, 12 Billiter Street. Give me news about the family and the question of the hacienda (estate) that I wish to pursue vigorously.

With nothing more, I wish you to keep in good health until we meet again, which I hope will be soon.

I kiss affectionately your hand.

Jose Rizal

♥Reflection About computers♥

Computer is really a big need for many people especially in business and in sharing information. One should learn how it starts, what are the importance of it, where is it being used and what are the parts of it.
This Quarter, I learned about all of those things. I'm really thankful knowing all those things 'cause its indeed a very big help in my future especially today that the world is under the computer age. Most homes had at least one computer unit so there's no hesitation for me to be eager in studying and learning about computers. There are many things I'd learned .I learned how computers grow and improve. In this lesson, I learned how hard it is hard to use computers in the old times and how it became easy, fast and convenient today. From using the abacus, people developed modern computers. From those very large machines to today's minicomputer , I can relate my life to the those old times. I appreciate those inventors especially Charles Babbage because of their large contributions to our life today. today, we can gain information in just a millisecond or we can compute many operations and repeat them in less than a second. I learned what are the use of computers and its importance. I learned that the CPU is not the big black box beside my monitor but instead it is just a part of the system unit that controls all the processes happening in the computer and the system unit is in a large case that people mistaken to be the CPU. I learned about how hardware and software are related to each other and when one is missing the other one wouldn't work cause they depend on each other. Hardware is the physical components of a computer and also things that can be seen in the computer while software is the programs in the computer. i also learned about the different types of computer like the portable computer, minicomputer, workstation,mainframe,supercomputers, personal computers and other types.I learned many things but the most important is I learned how computer can benefit every people. I learned how to appreciate computers. that;s all i learned about computers.

Entrepreneurship learning

Entrepreneurship is a way of earning money, but unlike meeting someone's basic needs without payment, entrepreneurship is a way of meeting the needs of people by gaining profit.
Since T.L.E. is offering a lesson about entrepreneurship in the first quarter of first year in high school, Anyone should gain the opportunity to learn something about entrepreneurship because it will help him/her in the future.
I, as a freshman, also need information about it. Learning a little is the start of being an expert so I was so happy knowing the basics of entrepreneurship because I know I can use my knowledge and skills to make my life successful. It can develop my weaknesses and improve my strengths. Who knows, maybe i can be as successful as Henry Sy, Lucio Tan or Augusto Zobel or I can discover some of my talents and become famous. But I should expect very high because an entrepreneur knows what is his/her limitations. I just want a simple but a happy life with my business someday so that my future children will be inspired by the way I am doing to be successful.
Entrepreneurship learning is really important so I'm really thankful knowing it because it will be a big help not just for me but for everybody who believes in himself/herself that he will be successful by using his/her knowledge.